Using timelines is a
valuable tool in understanding the life of Dr. Jose Rizal, the Philippine hero,
and martyr. By organizing the significant events in his life chronologically,
we can gain insights into the development of his ideas, his contributions to
the Philippine independence movement, and his impact on Philippine history and
culture. Timelines help us contextualize Rizal's travels, educational pursuits,
and key writings, enabling us to identify turning points in his life and
comprehend the factors that shaped his beliefs and convictions. Additionally, studying
the historical context of Rizal's life through timelines allows us to
appreciate the challenges he faced during his time and recognize the enduring
relevance of his ideals in contemporary Philippine society. As a tool,
timelines facilitate a comprehensive understanding of Rizal's life and legacy,
inspiring us to emulate his courage, nationalism, and dedication to the pursuit
of freedom and social justice.
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TIME |
SIGNIFICANT EVENTS |
|
June 28, 1848 |
Wedding of Teodora Morales
Alonso-Realonda y Quintos, and Francisco Rizal-Mercado y Alejandra, |
|
June 19, 1861 |
Birth of Jose Rizal - from an Inquilino
family – 7th Child - Jose Protasio Rizal-Mercado y Alonso-Realonda
Informal Education of his mother |
|
June 22, 1861 |
Baptism of Jose Rizal |
|
1864 |
Learned Alphabet |
|
1865 |
Rizal’s Sister, Concepcion Died
Start of Rizal’s Informal Education –
By his mother and Tutor (1865-1867) |
|
June 6, 1868 |
Pilgrimage to Antipolo with his Father |
|
1869 |
Left Calamba to Binan, Laguna (to
study) – Austin Coates mentioned a strict and punitive teacher and no more
Senorito for Rizal
First Poem – Sa aking kababata - (Disputed
Poem according to Ambeth Ocampo) |
|
1870 |
9 yr old Rizal studied under Justinano
Cruz |
|
1871 |
José continues his education under the
instruction of Lucas Padua |
|
1872 |
Execution of GOMBURZA
Imprisonment of Teodora Rizal |
|
June 10, 1872 |
Took the exam at San Juan De Letran
College |
|
June 26, 1872 |
First-year in Ateneo |
|
1873 |
Second Year in Ateneo |
|
1874 |
Third Year in Ateneo
Rizal wrote “Mi Primera Inspiracion” |
|
1875 |
Fourth Year in Ateneo
Rizal wrote “Felicitacion”
Rizal wrote “El Embarque: Himno A La
Flota De Magallanes”
Rizal wrote “Y Es Espanol: Elcano, El
Primero En Dar La Vuelta Al Mundo”
Rizal wrote “El Combate: Urbiztondo,
Teror De Jolo”
Rizal wrote “Al Nino Jesus, November”
Rizal wrote “A La Virgen Maria, To Our
Lady of Peace and Good Voyage” |
|
1876 |
Last Year in Ateneo
At the age of 15, Rizal received a
Bachelor of Arts Degree from the Ateneo de Manila. He not only receives this
degree but receives it with the highest honors possible.
Rizal wrote “La Tragedia De San
Eustaquio”
Rizal wrote “Un Recuerdo A Mi Pueblo”
Rizal wrote “Alianza Intima Entre La
Religion Y La Buena Educacion”
Rizal wrote “Por La Educacion Recibe
Lustre La Patria”
Rizal wrote “El Cautiverio y el
Triunfo: Batalla de Lucena y Prision de Boabdil”
Rizal wrote “Entrada Triunfal De Los
Reyes Católicos En Granada”
Rizal wrote “El Heroismo De Colon”
Rizal wrote “Colon y Juan II”
Rizal wrote “Gran Consuelo En La Mayor
Desdicha”
Rizal wrote “Un Dialogo Alusive A La
Despedida De Los Colegiales” |
|
1877 |
Studied Cosmology, Metaphysics, Theodicy,
and the History of Philosophy
Studied Land Surveying at Ateneo |
|
March 23, 1877 |
Graduated Sobre Saliente |
|
November 1877 |
Rizal wrote a poem and received
recognition for his writing from the Royal Economic Society of Friends of the
Country, also known as Amigos del Pals. The recognition comes in the form of
a diploma of merit and honorable mention. |
|
April 1, 1877 |
Studied Philosophy and Letters at UST |
|
1879 |
Rizal wrote “A La Juventud Filipina”
Rizal wrote “Abd-El-Azis Y Mahoma”
|
|
1880 |
El Consejo Delos Dioces won first place
At the age of 19 Rizal wrote another
poem for a competition where he should have won first prize. However, he was
not given this prize due to discrimination.
In December Rizal produced his first
Operetta called On the Banks of the Pasig.
Rizal wrote” ThePhilippines”
|
|
1881 |
Rizal created the commemorative medal
in wax for the Royal Economic Society of Friends centennial celebration.
Rizal wrote “Al M.R.P. Pablo Ramon”
|
|
1882 |
Joined Circulo Hispano-Filipino &
wrote "Mi Piden Versos"
Rizal wrote “Goodbye to Leonor”
|
|
May 9, 1882 |
Two-Day Sightseeing in Singapore |
|
May 11, 1882 |
Left for Europe
Rizal gets money from his brother and
travels secretly from Manila to Spain aboard a French ship and railroad
entering Spain at the Port Bou. |
|
May 18, 1882 |
First time seeing the coast of Africa |
|
June 1882 |
University of Santo Tomas realizes
Rizal is nowhere to be found and threatens to take land away from his father
who is a tenant even though his father has no idea of his whereabouts. |
|
June 2, 1882 |
Arrived in the City of Suez |
|
June 11, 1882 |
Reached Naples, Italy |
|
June 12, 1882 |
Went to Paris Visited Chateau D’If |
|
June 16, 1882 |
Arrived in Barcelona Spain
Rizal wrote El Amor Patrio – the first
article wrote in Spanish soil (Barcelona). |
|
August 1882 |
Rizal’s El Amor Patrio was published in
Diariong Tagalog both in Spanish and Tagalog. |
|
October 1882 |
Me Piden Versos |
|
November 3, 1882 |
Enrolled in Medicine at the Universidad
Central De Madrid |
|
1883 |
Rizal wrote “To Miss C.O. y R” - express his admiration to Consuelo Ortiga y
Perez, the beautiful daughter of Don Pablo Ortiga y Rey.
|
|
1884 |
Completed Degree in Doctor of Medicine |
|
June 21, 1884 |
Awarded Licentiate in Medicine |
|
1885 |
Went to Paris to study Medicine |
|
October 1, 1885 |
Assistant to Dr. Louis de Wickert |
|
1886 |
Rizal went to Germany |
|
April 22, 1886 |
Rizal wrote “Alas Flores De Heidelberg” |
|
July 31, 1886 |
Wrote a letter in German |
|
August 6, 1886 |
Sojourned in Heidelberg |
|
October 12, 1886 |
Jose Rizal wrote a letter to his
brother Paciano related to the difficulties encountered with Schiller’s
Wilhelm Tell that he was translating from the original German into Tagalog. -
I’m sending
you at last the translation of Wilhelm Tell by Schiller which was delayed one
week, being unable to finish it sooner on account of my numerous tasks. I’m
aware of its many mistakes that I entrust to you and my brothers-in-law to
correct. It is almost a literal translation. I’m forgetting Tagalog a little,
as ai don’t speak it with anyone.
– Rizal
|
|
1887 |
Rizal wrote “The Song of Maria Clara” |
|
February 21, 1887 |
Noli Me Tangere was finished - The
novel offends Catholic officials and Rizal is deemed to be a troublemaker |
|
March 29, 1887 |
Noli Me Tangere copy was given to
Maximo Viola |
|
May 11, 1887 |
Left Berlin with Maximo Viola |
|
May 14, 1887 |
Rizal meet Blumentritt |
|
May 20, 1887 |
Arrived in Vienna, Austria – with
travel companion Maximo Viola - Checked in at Hotel Metropole
-
Encountered
the figure of a temptress in the form of a Viennese woman, of the family of
the Camellias or Margarite, of extraordinary beauty and irresistible attraction,
who seemingly had been expressly invited to offer for a moment the cup of
mundane pleasure to the apostle of the Philippine freedom who until then had
enjoyed among his intimates the fame worthy of his glorious namesake, St.
Joseph. With the exception of this case, I knew no other slip of Rizal during
more than six months of our living together – Maximo Viola
|
|
May 25, 1887 |
Witnessed the beautiful sights of the
Danube River |
|
June 27, 1887 |
the “City of Caesar” |
|
July 3, 1887 |
Rizal leaves Mersailles in Italy |
|
August 5, 1887 |
Arrives in Manila. He travels to nearby
areas escorted by a Spanish Lieutenant. |
|
October 1, 1887 |
Start of the Second Novel |
|
1888 |
Changes and Corrections of the second
novel |
|
January 1888 |
Rizal wrote “Hymn To Labor” - This poem
was in response to the request of his friends from Lipa, Batangas. They
wanted a hymn to commemorate the elevation of Lipa from a town to a city in
January 1888.
|
|
February 1888 |
Rizal leaves Spain and sets sail for
Hong Kong in Japan. He continued to travel practice medicine and write.
Second Travel to Europe to Annotate De
Morga’s work |
|
May 1888 |
Rizal in British Library in London –
Copying the 1609 “Suceso de las Islas Filipinas” |
|
1889 |
Celebration of Universal Exposition in
Paris
Rizal took a train ride from Paris to
Dieppe and was sitting with a boorish/hambuguera American, An Englishman, and
two Frenchmen. |
|
January 1889 |
Rizal ended the copying of “Suceso de
las Islas Filipinas” |
|
February 1, 1889 |
The Pamphlet “The Vision of Father
Rodriguez” |
|
1890 |
Rizal wrote “The Philippines a century
hence”
Rizal wrote “A Mi” - It was against a
background of emotional agony in Brussels, during those sad days when he was
worried of family disasters
Published “Sucesos de las islas
Filipinas” in Paris
|
|
September 6, 1890 |
Expulsion of farmers from Hacienda de
Calamba |
|
November 15, 1890 |
Master of Mason |
|
1891 |
Rizal wrote “El Agua Y El Fuego” |
|
March 29, 1891 |
More chapters are written for EL
Filibusterismo |
|
July 5, 1891 |
Left Brussels for Ghent |
|
September 12, 1891 |
Rizal wrote “Kundiman” - a poem
expressing his intense love for his motherland. In the verses, we can see
that Rizal is optimistic that the Philippines would be freed from inequality
and oppression.
|
|
September 18, 1891 |
The second novel came off the press -
Belgium |
|
1892 |
While Jose Rizal was in exile in Hong
Kong - Paciano Rizal completed the translation from Spanish to English of
Noli Me Tangere – and ended up missing or lost copy.
Rizal completed a chapter of his
satirical Tagalog novel and gave it the title “Makamisa” (after the mass) but
unfortunately, he did not have the synergy to complete it. |
|
February 15, 1892 |
Master Mason |
|
June 1892 |
Rizal left two letters with a
Portuguese friend “to be opened and published after my death”. In these
letters, Rizal explained to his family and his countrymen that he was
returning to the Philippines to show example that Filipinos knew how to die
for principles.
|
|
July 3, 1892 |
Foundation of La Liga Filipina |
|
August 1892 |
Rizal was detained aboard a ship
traveling back to Spain. Rizal was charged with treason, sedition, and the
formation of illegal societies. He was sent to an island and held.
He taught for four years while being
held.
He met a girl named Josephine Bracken whom
he wanted to marry but the church refused to give him a license to marry. |
|
August 28, 1893 |
Exile in Dapitan |
|
1895 |
Rizal wrote “To Josephine”
Rizal wrote “Mi Retiro”
|
|
October 1895 |
Rizal wrote “Hymn To Talisay” |
|
1896 |
His request to go to Cuba was approved.
On the way to Cuba, he was arrested and charged with conspiracy and sedition.
Rizal wrote “El Canto Del Viajero”
|
|
September 1896 |
Rizal scribbled an entry to his journal
reacting to “Fanciful stories about me” -
I’m going
to become a legendary personage. Friends and enemies invent fabulous stories
which elevate me and improbable stories to harm me and they find people who
are considered educated to believe them. – Rizal
|
|
December 26, 1896 |
Treason, Sedition, and Formation of Illegal
Association |
|
December 27, 1896 |
condemned to death in a Spanish court |
|
December 29, 1896 |
Rizal was officially notified of his
death sentence rendered by the Spanish military court. |
|
December 30, 1896 |
He was permitted to marry Josephine two
hours before he was shot by a firing squad.
Rizal wrote “Mi Ultimo Adios”
Rizal’s Execution |
|
December 30, 1912 |
The ashes of Rizal were transferred to
the Rizal Mausoleum and December 30th is declared a national holiday in honor
of his memory. |